Ankle arthrodesis is a surgical procedure that involves the following Permanent bone fusion to eliminate pain and restore joint stability. It is used in patients with advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatic complications and after severe trauma. Surgery improves quality of life, but limits mobility, so proper rehabilitation plays a key role. In this article, we explain when arthrodesis is necessary and what the recovery process looks like.
From this article you will learn:
- What is ankle joint arthrodesis?
- Arthrodesis of the ankle joint - types
- Implants in ankle arthrodesis
- Arthrodesis of the ankle joint - rehabilitation
- Ankle arthrodesis - complications and risk factors
What is ankle joint arthrodesis?
Ankle arthrodesis is a surgical procedure that aims to permanently fuse the bones within the ankle joint by removing the articular surfaces. This method is particularly recommended For advanced osteoarthritiswhen other forms of treatment, such as pharmacotherapy or physiotherapy, do not work. Removal of residual cartilage and stabilization of the bone allows the elimination of mobility in the joint, which leads to the elimination of pain and correction of malalignment of the joint.
Indications for arthrodesis of the ankle joint
Such surgery is used not only in cases of degenerative changes. Also indicated are complications of rheumatic and other orthopedic conditions leading to damage to the ankle joint. Arthrodesis may also be necessary in patients With serious deformities of the joint, its instability or chronic infections. This treatment is often considered for such injuries as joint sprains, which can lead to progressive cartilage degeneration and recurrent inflammation. Although the surgery eliminates mobility in the joint, it allows patients to significant improvement in living comfort, pain reduction and recovery of function in daily activities. Despite the many benefits, there are also some contraindications such as infections within the joint or surrounding tissues, and too much bone instability that prevents proper fusion.
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Arthrodesis of the ankle joint - the purpose of the procedure
The purpose of the surgery is primarily to relieve pain. Performing this surgery also helps stabilize the ankle joint, which contributes to the improve the functionality of the limb and facilitate daily mobility. Another benefit is the correction of the joint deformity, restoring normal bone alignment and allowing greater comfort in movement. Although ankle arthrodesis leads to a loss of mobility in the joint, the elimination of chronic pain and increased joint stability significantly improve patients' quality of life.
Arthrodesis of the ankle joint - types
Ankle arthrodesis is a surgical treatment method that aims to remove pain and stabilize the joint by stiffening it. There are several methods of performing this procedure, each with its own specific advantages and suitable for different clinical cases. Two methods are most commonly used:
- open method of arthrodesis of the ankle joint - provides direct access to the joint, which allows precise cleaning of joint surfaces and precise placement of stabilizing implants. This method is particularly effective in cases of advanced deformities, where precise manipulation of bony structures is necessary. The open method requires dissection of the skin and soft tissues, allowing direct access to the joint. This technique is more invasive, but ensures accuracy in preparing joint surfaces and placing implants. This is especially important in cases of complex deformities, where accurate correction is crucial;
- arthroscopic method - is less invasive, which means less tissue traumatization, faster recovery and less risk of complications such as infections. By using this technique, patients with less deformity and those with comorbidities such as diabetes can achieve satisfactory therapeutic results. The arthroscopic method involves the use of small incisions and a camera to minimize tissue injury. As a result, patients can expect a shorter recovery time and less risk of infection. However, this method may be less suitable in cases of large deformities, where full visualization and access may be limited.
The effectiveness of both methods depends on The specifics of the case and the experience of the surgeon. The arthroscopic method can lead to a quicker return to physical activity and less postoperative discomfort, while the open method is more versatile in complex cases. The choice of the appropriate technique should be tailored to the individual patient's needs and the attending physician's judgment.
Implants in ankle arthrodesis
Implants play a key role in ankle arthrodesis, aiming to stabilize the fused bones, allowing them to fuse permanently. The most commonly used implants are long intramedullary nails, which ensure adequate rigidity and stability of the anastomosis. The insertion of intramedullary nails into the marrow canal of the bone allows for an even distribution of mechanical forces along the axis of the limb, which promotes proper fusion. Thanks to modern technologies, these implants are made of materials that minimize the risk of allergic reactions and ensure high biocompatibility.
Use of intramedullary implants Reduces the risk of bone displacement and aids the recovery process, allowing patients to return to life activities sooner. Using the right implants also increases the chances of long-term surgical success, eliminating pain and restoring supportive function to the limb. Consequently, choosing the right type of implant is a key part of planning ankle arthrodesis surgery.
Arthrodesis of the ankle joint - rehabilitation
Rehabilitation after ankle arthrodesis is a key part of the recovery process, aimed at restoring the functionality of the joint and allowing the patient to function normally. This process includes a variety of therapeutic techniques, such as manual therapy, soft tissue mobilizations, dry needling and kinesiotaping to reduce scarring, improve circulation and prevent complications. Rehabilitation begins after the stitches are removed, and the full rehabilitation program is individualized and tailored to the patient's needs. It is important that the process was conducted by an experienced physiotherapist, to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of further damage.
Arthrodesis of the ankle joint - stages of rehabilitation
The stages of rehabilitation after ankle arthrodesis are aimed at restoring full function to the limb:
- initial phase Focuses on mobilizing post-surgical scars and improving soft tissue circulation through manual techniques and dry needling;
- in the rehabilitation process exercises to strengthen the muscles of the thigh and hip girdle are introduced to compensate for the lack of movement in the immobilized ankle joint;
- the next important step is gait correction, which aims to restore normal movement patterns and prevent complications associated with dysfunctions of other joints;
- rehabilitation also takes into account tmanual therapy of healthy joints In order to prevent their dysfunction.
Arthrodesis of the ankle joint - recovery time
Recovery time after ankle arthrodesis can vary and depends on a number of factors, including The invasiveness of the procedure and the individual predisposition of the patient. It usually takes about 6 weeks to stabilize the foot with a plaster dressing, after which gradual weight-bearing can begin. Full bony fusion is usually achieved after about 3 months. Full rehabilitation and return to full function can take several months to up to a year. During this time, the rehabilitation program is successively adjusted according to the patient's progress, and regular consultations with a physiotherapist are essential to monitor progress and make any modifications to the therapy plan.
Ankle arthrodesis - complications and risk factors
Ankle arthrodesis is a major surgical procedure. It is important for patients to be aware of possible complications that can affect their recovery process and overall quality of life. Typical complications associated with ankle arthrodesis can include a number of problems that can delay or complicate the healing process. One of the most common problems is lack of bone fusion, which manifests as persistent pain and possible osteolysis in the area of the anastomosis. In addition, patients may experience infections, which may require long-term treatment with antibiotics. Soft tissue healing problems are also common and can lead to joint stiffness and loss of function. All of these complications require appropriate clinical management to minimize their impact on the patient's life.
Arthrodesis of the ankle joint - risk factors
One of the most significant factors is smoking, which negatively affects the healing process and increases the risk of infection. Disorders of blood circulation and past fractures are also important factors that can delay recovery. In addition, patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis, are at higher risk of complications due to a weakened immune system and poorer regenerative abilities of the body. Awareness of these risk factors allows patients to be better prepared for surgery and can help take preventive measures.
Summary
Ankle arthrodesis is a surgical procedure to permanently fuse the bones in the ankle joint, which eliminates pain and stabilizes the joint. It is recommended in cases of advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatic complications and traumatic injuries. Rehabilitation after the procedure is crucial to return to full function and includes manual therapy, strengthening exercises and gait correction. The process is individually tailored to the patient's needs and can last from several months to a year. To speed up recovery and maximize limb function, it is worthwhile to take advantage of the professional care of specialists.
Rehabilitation Center Neuroport offers comprehensive rehabilitation programs, tailored to the individual needs of arthrodesis patients, helping them return to activity quickly and effectively.
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