Flat feet are a common disorder of the foot's musculoskeletal system that can lead to pain, overload and gait problems. Both children and adults are affected by these changes, and the Their early detection is crucial for successful treatment and prevention of further complications. In this article, we discuss what flat feet is, its types, symptoms and modern treatment methods - with an emphasis on prevention, rehabilitation and improving the quality of daily life.
In this article:
- Flat feet - what is it? Causes of foot deformity
- Types of flatfoot - longitudinal flatfoot and transverse flatfoot
- Flat feet - how to treat them? Proven methods and rehabilitation
- Flat feet and orthopedic conditions - relationship to other ailments
- Summary
Flat feet - what is it? Causes of foot deformity
Flat feet what is it? It is a condition that involves the lowering or complete disappearance of the natural arches of the foot. Flat feet in children are often physiological - associated with immaturity of muscles and ligaments. For this reason, the diagnosis is made only after the age of 5-6 years. Earlier stages do not require intervention unless accompanied by pain or other abnormalities. In adults, flat feet are usually the result of overload, obesity, inadequate footwear or past trauma. Neglected flat feet can lead to postural disorders, overloading the joints of the knees, hips and even the spine. The most common causes of flat feet include:
- genetic predisposition;
- Overweight and obesity;
- Wearing inappropriate footwear (e.g., flats without arch support);
- Lack of physical activity or too much overload;
- past injuries to the lower extremities, such as. joint sprain.
Types of flatfoot - longitudinal flatfoot and transverse flatfoot
There are two main types of the condition: longitudinal flatfoot and transverse flatfoot. Although both types can coexist, differ in causes, symptoms and effects. Longitudinal flatfoot most often results from weakened ligament-muscle apparatus, improper footwear, overweight or prolonged standing work, which leads to lowering of the longitudinal arch of the foot and abnormal distribution of body weight. Transverse flatfoot, on the other hand, is associated with deformation of the transverse arch, caused by overloading, improper posture or wearing high-heeled shoes, resulting in pain and calluses in the forefoot:
- longitudinal flatfoot - involves a lowering of the longitudinal arch, running from the heel to the toes. It manifests itself with the entire sole of the foot touching the ground. Characteristic symptoms include foot fatigue after a short walk, pain in the heel and metatarsal area, and thickening of the skin on the sole. People with this type of deformity often complain of knee and back pain.
- transverse flatfoot - refers to a flattening of the transverse arch, located at the base of the toes. In this case, the greatest pressure during walking is transferred to the middle metatarsal bones. Typical symptoms are pain in the front of the foot, calluses and a burning sensation. Over time, so-called hammer toes can develop.
Flat feet - how to treat them? Proven methods and rehabilitation
The issue: flat feet, how to treat is a key aspect in terms of improving patients' quality of life. Treatment depends on the age of the patient, the severity of the deformity and the presence of other conditions. A distinction is made between conservative treatment, rehabilitation and, in extreme cases, surgical treatment. Comprehensive therapy includes individually tailored exercises to strengthen the muscles of the feet and calves, the use of orthotics, manual therapy and physical treatments to support the healing process and relieve pain.
Rehabilitation and physiotherapy
Rehabilitation classes are aimed at restoring proper foot alignment, improving balance and reducing pain, which often impedes daily functioning. A special role is played by proprioception exercises, which teach the patient to load the feet correctly and increase body awareness. The basis of effective therapy is appropriately selected physiotherapy, which includes:
- exercises to strengthen the muscles of the foot and calf;
- therapeutic massages;
- manual therapy.
Orthopedic footwear and orthotics
Treatment of flat feet is assisted by wearing special orthotics that stabilize the foot and reduce pressure on painful areas, improving walking comfort. Proper footwear is important - wide in the toe, flexible, with a firm heel and well-fitted to the individual. In the case of children, correction through exercise and proper footwear is often sufficient, while adults may need to be supported by advanced rehabilitation and regular supervision by a specialist.
When is surgery necessary?
In severe cases where conservative treatment is unsuccessful, surgical intervention is considered. Surgery may include bone correction, osteotomy, tendon or ligament reconstruction, often using grafts of the patient's own tissues. The decision to perform it Depends on the degree of deformity, the type of damage and the age of the patient, as well as the time elapsed since the injury. After surgery, specialized rehabilitation is necessary to help restore function and efficiency of the limb.
Flat feet and orthopedic conditions - relationship to other ailments
Abnormal foot biomechanics resulting from flat feet can lead to a whole range of complications. Altering the alignment of the foot not only affects how you walk, but also on the load of other joints - From the ankles to the spine. Over time, this can result in pain, strain and the development of degenerative changes. The most common orthopedic conditions these include:
- Knee and hip strain;
- lumbar spine pain;
- Achilles tendonitis;
- Limitations of mobility of the ankle joints.
Summary
Flat feet are a problem that should not be ignored. Both longitudinal flatfoot and transverse flatfoot can lead to to severe pain and disorders of the entire musculoskeletal system. It is advisable to consult a specialist if alarming symptoms appear. Early intervention and a comprehensive approach, which Neuroport offers, can significantly improve the quality of life of patients. We invite you to take advantage of our services - our experienced specialists will select an individualized treatment and rehabilitation plan, providing professional care at every stage of therapy.
