MODERN TREATMENTS FOR PARKINSON'S

Modern treatments for Parkinson's are revolutionizing approaches to treating this chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Modern strategies include Advanced pharmacological techniques, gene therapies and novel surgical procedures. Thanks to medical advances, it is possible not only to alleviate symptoms, but also to slow the progression of the disease. In this article, we will discuss the latest developments in Parkinson's treatment, their effectiveness and future prospects. We invite you to discover how modern methods can improve the quality of life for patients with this difficult diagnosis.

PARKINSON'S DISEASE: SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT

Parkinson's disease is a chronic and progressive disease of the nervous system, the main symptoms of which are as follows. Tremor, muscle stiffness, motor slowdown, and problems with balance and coordination. The first symptoms may be subtle, starting with a slight tremor in one hand, but over time the severity of the symptoms affects daily functioning. Typical symptoms of Parkinson's disease also include speech problems, a mask-like face, difficulty writing and changes in the way people walk. Patients often experience a lack of facial expressions and an irregular stride, which further affects their ability to function normally in society. In addition, non-physical symptoms such as depression, sleep disturbances and decreased cognitive abilities may be present. Recognizing the disease in its early stages is very important, to initiate appropriate treatment that can significantly improve the patient's quality of life. 

PHARMACOLOGICAL MODERN TREATMENTS FOR PARKINSON'S

Among modern treatments for Parkinson's pharmacotherapy plays a key role. Medications such as levodopa, dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors and COMT inhibitors help alleviate symptoms by increasing dopamine levels in the brain or prolonging its action:

 

• • levodopa - the most effective drug used to treat Parkinson's, which converts to dopamine in the brain, relieving motor symptoms. It is often used in combination with decarboxylase inhibitors to prevent the drug from breaking down prematurely before it reaches the brain;

• • dopamine agonists - These drugs mimic the effects of dopamine by binding to its receptors, which helps reduce symptoms. They can be used as an alternative to or in combination with levodopa;

• • MAO-B and COMT inhibitors - prevent the breakdown of dopamine, prolonging its action in the brain. MAO-B inhibitors, such as selegiline and rasagiline, and COMT inhibitors, such as entacapone, can be used to increase the effectiveness of levodopa.

GENE AND CELL THERAPIES

Gene and cell therapies represent a breakthrough in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Research on gene therapies focuses on delivering healthy copies of genes to neurons, which can restore normal cellular function. With cell therapies, such as stem cell transplants, the goal is to replace damaged neurons with new, healthy cells, which can help regenerate the nervous system. In recent years, advances in gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR, have opened up new possibilities in the treatment of genetic causes of Parkinson's disease. Clinical research in this area is promising, although gene therapy is still at an experimental stage and requires further study before being introduced into routine clinical practice.

SURGICAL MODERN TREATMENTS FOR PARKINSON'S

Surgery is used in advanced cases of the disease when pharmacotherapy is no longer successful. Modern treatments for Parkinson's include such neurosurgical procedures as:

 

• • deep brain stimulation (DBS) - involves implanting electrodes into specific areas of the brain, which are connected to a stimulation device. DBS can significantly reduce motor symptoms, such as tremor and rigidity, and improve patients' quality of life. The procedure is reversible and adjustable, allowing the therapy to be tailored to the patient's needs;

• • pallidotomy and thalamotomy - involve removing the part of the brain responsible for Parkinson's symptoms. Although less commonly used, they can be effective in some cases, especially when other treatments fail to improve.

PAIN MANAGEMENT IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Pain management in Parkinson's disease is an important aspect, as many patients experience chronic pain. The methods used are:

 

• • pharmacotherapy - Pain medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid drugs, are used to relieve pain. NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can reduce inflammation and pain, while opioids are used in more advanced cases where pain is intense and difficult to control. It is important that the use of these drugs be supervised by a doctor to avoid potential side effects and addiction;

• • physiotherapy - Regular exercise and movement therapy can help reduce pain and improve mobility. Specialized physical rehabilitation is crucial to maintaining physical fitness. Strengthening and stretching exercises help keep muscles and joints flexible, which can reduce pain. In addition, physiotherapists can use ultrasound, laser therapy or electrotherapy to help relieve pain and inflammation;

• relaxation techniques - Yoga combines physical exercise with breathing and meditation techniques, which promotes flexibility of the body and relaxation of the mind. Meditation helps reduce stress, which can exacerbate pain sensations. Massages can be particularly beneficial because they help relax tense muscles, improve circulation and generally promote a better sense of well-being.