Scoliosis: definition, types, symptoms and treatment

What is scoliosis? 

Scoliosis, what is it? It is a medical term describing Lateral curvature of the spine, which deforms it in three planes : frontal, sagittal and horizontal. As a result of this condition, the spine usually takes on an S- or C-shape, leading to visible deformities of the figure. Scoliosis is not just an aesthetic problem; in advanced stages, it can cause back pain, mobility restrictions, and problems with the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

Types of scoliosis

There are several main types of scoliosis, differing in causes and age of onset:

• idiopathic scoliosis - is the most common form of scoliosis, accounting for about 80% cases. Its cause is unknown, but it most often occurs in children and adolescents during puberty;
• congenital scoliosis - results from abnormal vertebral development in the womb. It can be noticeable from birth or detected during the child's early years;
• acquired scoliosis - is the result of other conditions, such as cerebral palsy, a difference in limb length, or spinal injuries;
• neuromuscular scoliosis - occurs as a result of neurological diseases that lead to muscle weakness and abnormal curvature of the spine.

What does scoliosis look like? Degrees of scoliosis according to the Cobb scale

The severity of scoliosis is assessed using the Cobb scale, which measures the angle of curvature of the spine. According to this scale, scoliosis is divided into:

• Grade I (up to 30 degrees) - is the mildest form of scoliosis, which is often monitored without treatment;
• II degree (30-60 degrees) - already requires treatment, such as rehabilitation or wearing orthopedic corsets;
• Stage III (60-90 degrees) - is an advanced form that may require surgical intervention to prevent further health complications;
• IV degree (above 90 degrees) - the most severe form of scoliosis, which usually requires surgery and intensive rehabilitation.

What does scoliosis look like? Symptoms and consequences

Scoliosis is a complex spinal deformity that manifests itself in three planes. Early detection and recognition of scoliosis symptoms are key to effective treatment and minimizing long-term health consequences.

Body asymmetry

One of the most visible symptoms of scoliosis is body asymmetry. Patients often notice uneven shoulder and shoulder blade alignment , which is caused by rotation of the vertebrae and displacement of the ribs. This inequality may be subtle and difficult to notice at first, but over time it becomes more pronounced. Uneven hip alignment is another characteristic symptom of scoliosis. One side of the pelvis may be higher than the other, which can lead to gait problems and lower back pain. This asymmetry is often apparent on physical examination and can be confirmed by radiographic imaging.

Rib hump, uneven waistlines

The rib hump is one of the most characteristic symptoms of scoliosis. It is formed by the rotation of the vertebrae , which leads to a displacement of the ribs on one side of the body. This hump is usually more visible when leaning forward and is often used by doctors to make an initial assessment of the presence of scoliosis. Uneven waist indentations are another symptom that may suggest the presence of scoliosis. Asymmetry in the waistline is caused by an uneven arrangement of the vertebrae, which affects the shape of the torso. This body deformity can be difficult to see in clothes, but becomes pronounced in swimwear or underwear.

Early detection of scoliosis and effective treatments

Early detection of scoliosis is crucial for effective treatment. Regular medical check-ups, especially in children and adolescents, allow early recognition of the first symptoms and implementation of appropriate therapeutic measures . Lack of medical intervention can lead to progressive spinal deformity, resulting in chronic back pain, postural abnormalities and restricted mobility. Untreated scoliosis can also lead to breathing problems , and in severe cases - to respiratory failure resulting from chest deformity. Long-term neglect of treatment may affect the functioning of internal organs , causing pressure on the heart and lungs, leading to circulatory failure. 

Modern approach to scoliosis rehabilitation

Spinal rehabilitation helps strengthen the muscles that support the spine and improve its stability. Individually tailored exercises and manual therapy Can halt the progression of the disease and reduce pain . Also important in the treatment of scoliosis is a comprehensive physical rehabilitation , including physiotherapy techniques, postural correction and deep muscle strengthening. Functional therapy or specialized training programs help improve range of motion and reduce muscle tension. Modern rehabilitation offers a number of opportunities that allow you to Effective correction of postural defects and improvement of quality of life for patients with scoliosis . That's why it's so important to understand what scoliosis is and what it looks like, in order to respond to its symptoms and implement appropriate treatment methods as soon as possible.

Summary

Scoliosis is a serious spinal condition that manifests as a lateral curvature and asymmetry of the body, which can lead to serious health complications. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are key to maintaining the health of the spine and preventing complications. If you notice alarming symptoms in yourself or a loved one, don't delay - consult a specialist. Neuroport Rehabilitation Center offers Comprehensive support and modern solutions in the fight against scoliosis . Take care of your health today!